what's it called when jewelry rusts

2 min read 23-12-2024

Meta Description: Discover the difference between tarnish and rust in jewelry. Learn why some metals corrode and how to prevent it. This guide explains the processes behind discoloration and damage in your favorite pieces, offering solutions for preserving their shine.

Jewelry is a cherished adornment, but exposure to the elements can cause unsightly discoloration and damage. Many people mistakenly use the term "rust" when describing this deterioration, but the process is usually more accurately described as tarnish or corrosion. Let's delve into the specifics.

What is Rust?

Rust is a specific type of corrosion that affects iron and its alloys, like steel. It's a reddish-brown flaky coating that forms when iron reacts with oxygen and water (or moisture in the air). This chemical reaction is called oxidation.

Key takeaway: True rust only occurs on iron-containing metals. If your jewelry is not made of iron or steel, it's not rusting.

What Happens When Other Metals Discolor?

Most jewelry isn't made of iron. Common materials include gold, silver, copper, brass, and various alloys. When these metals react with their environment, the resulting discoloration is generally called tarnish.

Tarnish Explained

Tarnish is a surface discoloration caused by a chemical reaction between the metal and substances in the air or environment. It's a relatively superficial process, typically affecting only the outermost layer of the metal. Unlike rust, tarnish doesn't weaken the metal structurally.

Silver tarnish: Silver reacts with sulfur compounds in the air, forming a dark, often black coating of silver sulfide.
Copper tarnish: Copper forms various oxides and sulfides, creating green (patina), brown, or black discoloration.
Gold tarnish: Gold is highly resistant to tarnish, but alloys containing other metals can still discolor.

Corrosion in Jewelry

Corrosion is a broader term encompassing any deterioration of a metal due to chemical reactions. It can be more severe than tarnish, potentially affecting the entire metal piece and compromising its structural integrity. While tarnish is typically a surface phenomenon, corrosion can penetrate deeper, leading to weakening and even disintegration.

What Causes Jewelry to Tarnish or Corrode?

Several factors contribute to the deterioration of jewelry:

Exposure to air: Oxygen and moisture in the air are primary culprits in oxidation and tarnish formation.
Chemicals: Contact with perfumes, lotions, chlorine in swimming pools, and other chemicals can accelerate tarnish and corrosion.
Sweat: The acidity of sweat can react with certain metals, causing discoloration.
Storage: Improper storage, such as leaving jewelry in damp or poorly ventilated areas, can exacerbate the problem.

How to Prevent Tarnish and Corrosion

Protecting your jewelry involves several strategies:

Proper storage: Store jewelry in airtight containers, preferably lined with a tarnish-preventative material like acid-free tissue paper.
Regular cleaning: Clean your jewelry regularly using appropriate methods for the specific metal. (Consult a jeweler or online resources for guidance).
Avoid contact with chemicals: Remove jewelry before showering, swimming, applying cosmetics, or engaging in activities that could expose it to harsh chemicals.
Wear your jewelry: Ironically, regularly wearing some pieces can help prevent tarnish because the oils from your skin can help protect the surface.

Conclusion

While the term "rust" is often misused when discussing discolored jewelry, the actual process is usually tarnish or corrosion. Understanding the difference helps in choosing appropriate cleaning and preservation methods to keep your precious pieces looking their best for years to come. Remember that prevention is always better than cure when it comes to maintaining the beauty of your jewelry.