what should a dogs sugar level be

3 min read 22-12-2024

Understanding your dog's health is crucial for their well-being. One important indicator is their blood sugar level, especially if they've been diagnosed with or are at risk of diabetes. This article will explain what constitutes a normal dog blood sugar level, how it's measured, and what to do if your dog's levels are abnormal.

Normal Blood Glucose Levels in Dogs

A dog's blood glucose level, also known as blood sugar, is measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). The normal range varies slightly depending on the lab and testing method, but generally falls between 70 and 120 mg/dL before a meal (fasting glucose) and under 180 mg/dL two hours after eating (postprandial glucose).

How is a Dog's Blood Sugar Measured?

Measuring your dog's blood sugar requires a blood sample. Your veterinarian will use one of the following methods:

Blood glucose curve: This involves taking multiple blood samples over several hours to monitor glucose levels throughout the day.
Fructosamine test: This measures the average blood glucose level over the past two to three weeks. It's helpful for detecting long-term glucose regulation issues.
HbA1c test: Similar to the fructosamine test, this measures average blood glucose over a longer period (two to three months) and provides a broader picture of glucose control.

Home blood glucose monitoring is also possible with a glucometer specifically designed for animals, however, it requires training and guidance from your veterinarian.

What Causes High Blood Sugar in Dogs?

High blood sugar, or hyperglycemia, in dogs is most commonly associated with diabetes mellitus. However, other factors can also contribute:

Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas, which plays a vital role in insulin production.
Cushing's disease: This hormonal disorder affects the adrenal gland and can lead to elevated blood sugar.
Stress: Stress hormones can temporarily raise blood glucose levels.
Certain medications: Some medications can have hyperglycemia as a side effect.
Infections: Infections can cause a temporary increase in blood sugar.

What are the Symptoms of High Blood Sugar in Dogs?

The symptoms of high blood sugar in dogs can be subtle and vary in severity. Some common signs include:

Increased thirst and urination (polydipsia and polyuria)
Increased hunger (polyphagia)
Weight loss
Lethargy
Cataracts
Recurring urinary tract infections

If you notice any of these symptoms in your dog, it's crucial to consult your veterinarian immediately.

What Causes Low Blood Sugar in Dogs?

Low blood sugar, or hypoglycemia, is less common than hyperglycemia in dogs. It can result from:

Insulin overdose: This is a significant risk for dogs with diabetes receiving insulin injections.
Liver disease: The liver plays a vital role in regulating blood sugar.
Certain tumors: Some tumors can affect hormone regulation.
Sepsis (blood infection): Severe infections can cause a drop in blood sugar.

Symptoms of Low Blood Sugar in Dogs

Symptoms of hypoglycemia can appear suddenly and include:

Weakness
Tremors
Confusion
Seizures
Loss of coordination
Collapse

Hypoglycemia is a medical emergency, requiring immediate veterinary attention.

Maintaining Healthy Blood Sugar Levels in Dogs

Regular veterinary checkups, a balanced diet, and appropriate exercise are crucial for maintaining your dog's blood sugar within the healthy range. For dogs with diabetes, strict monitoring and management under veterinary guidance are essential. This may involve insulin injections, dietary adjustments, and regular blood glucose testing.

When to See a Vet

If you suspect your dog has abnormally high or low blood sugar, contact your veterinarian immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment are vital for managing conditions like diabetes and preventing serious complications. Don't hesitate to seek professional help if you have any concerns about your dog's health.

Disclaimer:

This information is for general knowledge and does not constitute veterinary advice. Always consult your veterinarian for any concerns regarding your dog's health and treatment.