what microphones are figure 8

3 min read 23-12-2024

Meta Description: Discover the world of figure 8 microphones! This comprehensive guide explains what they are, how they work, their applications, and popular models. Learn about their unique bidirectional pickup pattern and why they're essential for specific recording scenarios.

Figure 8 microphones, also known as bidirectional microphones, are a type of microphone with a unique polar pattern. Unlike cardioid microphones which pick up sound from the front, figure 8 microphones pick up sound equally from the front and the back. This makes them a specialized tool in audio recording, perfectly suited for certain applications. Let's explore this fascinating microphone type in detail.

Understanding the Figure 8 Polar Pattern

The name "figure 8" comes from the visual representation of its pickup pattern. If you were to graph the microphone's sensitivity to sound from different directions, it would resemble the number 8 lying on its side. This means:

Maximum sensitivity: The microphone picks up sound at its highest level from directly in front and directly behind.
Zero sensitivity: The microphone is completely insensitive to sounds coming from the sides.

This highly directional pattern is what makes figure 8 microphones unique and valuable for particular recording scenarios.

How Does a Figure 8 Microphone Work?

The figure 8 pattern is created by the internal design of the microphone's transducer. The key lies in the way the diaphragm interacts with the sound waves. A properly engineered diaphragm and backplate work in tandem to generate the characteristic bidirectional response. The cancellation of sound from the sides creates the unique "nulls."

Applications of Figure 8 Microphones

Figure 8 microphones are particularly useful in specific situations where their unique directional properties are advantageous. These include:

Stereo Recording: The M-S (Mid-Side) stereo recording technique relies heavily on figure 8 microphones. A cardioid microphone captures the mid signal, while a figure 8 microphone captures the side signal. The combination allows for flexible stereo width control in post-production.
Recording Instruments: Used to capture the sound of instruments like acoustic guitars or pianos from two perspectives, enhancing the stereo image. Placing one microphone at the front and another at the back is a common practice.
Interviews: Ideal for two-person interviews, a figure 8 microphone placed between the subjects captures both voices equally without picking up unwanted background noise. It’s often used in conjunction with a technique called "off-axis rejection".
Ambient Recording: Capturing specific sounds within a larger space, this type of microphone can isolate sounds from chosen directions, while negating unwanted ones.

Popular Figure 8 Microphones

Several manufacturers produce high-quality figure 8 microphones catering to various budgets and applications. Some popular examples include:

Royer R-121: A renowned ribbon microphone known for its smooth and warm sound. It’s often chosen for its natural representation of sounds and instruments.
Schoeps CMC641: A high-end condenser microphone often preferred by professionals, known for its accuracy and clarity in audio capture.
sE Electronics Voodoo VR1: A more affordable option, suitable for various uses, offering good performance considering the price range.

Choosing the Right Figure 8 Microphone

Selecting the right figure 8 microphone depends on your specific needs and budget. Consider these factors:

Frequency response: Different microphones have varying frequency responses, affecting the overall tonal balance.
Sensitivity: The microphone's sensitivity determines how well it picks up quiet sounds.
Output impedance: The impedance influences the way the microphone interacts with your preamplifier.
Type (ribbon or condenser): Ribbon microphones generally offer a warmer and smoother sound, while condenser microphones tend to be more detailed and accurate.

Remember to research reviews and compare specifications before making a purchase to find the perfect figure 8 microphone for your audio recording needs.

Conclusion

Figure 8 microphones, with their unique bidirectional polar pattern, offer distinct advantages in various recording situations. By understanding their characteristics and applications, you can harness their power to achieve professional-quality audio recordings. Whether you're an experienced audio engineer or just starting out, incorporating a figure 8 microphone into your arsenal will expand your creative possibilities and allow for versatile control over audio capture. Remember to consider your needs and explore several options before choosing the model that perfectly suits your workflow.