what is denture made of

2 min read 24-12-2024

Dentures, also known as false teeth, have dramatically improved quality of life for millions. Understanding what dentures are made of is key to appreciating their functionality and longevity. This guide dives deep into the materials used in modern denture construction, exploring their properties and advantages.

The Base: Acrylic Resin

The foundation of most complete dentures is a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin, commonly known as acrylic. This is a durable, lightweight, and relatively inexpensive material. Its versatility allows for easy shaping and customization to fit the unique contours of a patient's mouth.

Advantages of Acrylic Resin:

Strength and Durability: Acrylic resins are remarkably strong, able to withstand the daily wear and tear of chewing and speaking.
Biocompatibility: Generally, acrylic is well-tolerated by the body, minimizing allergic reactions.
Aesthetic Appeal: Modern acrylic resins can be precisely colored to mimic the natural appearance of gum tissue. This ensures a natural and aesthetically pleasing result.
Affordability: Acrylic dentures are a cost-effective solution compared to other denture materials.

Potential Drawbacks of Acrylic Resin:

Breakage: While durable, acrylic can crack or break under significant impact.
Wear and Tear: Over time, acrylic can show signs of wear, requiring occasional relining or repairs.
Porosity: Though minimal in modern formulations, some porosity can exist, potentially harboring bacteria if not properly cleaned.

The Teeth: Various Materials

The teeth themselves in a denture can be fabricated from several materials, each with its own set of characteristics.

Acrylic Teeth:

Cost-Effective: Acrylic teeth are the most affordable option.
Durability: They are reasonably durable, although they can wear down over time, especially with aggressive chewing habits.
Appearance: They can be designed to mimic natural teeth quite well.

Porcelain Teeth:

Aesthetic Appeal: Porcelain teeth offer superior aesthetic qualities, exhibiting a natural translucency and lifelike appearance.
Durability: Porcelain is extremely durable and resistant to staining and wear.
Cost: Porcelain teeth are considerably more expensive than acrylic teeth.

Other Components and Considerations:

Metal Frameworks: For partial dentures or those requiring enhanced strength and stability, metal frameworks (often made of chromium-cobalt alloys) can be incorporated. These provide support and durability but can add to the overall cost.
Clasps: Partial dentures frequently utilize metal clasps to securely attach to existing teeth. These clasps are usually made from similar alloys to the frameworks, prioritizing strength and corrosion resistance.
Soft Liners: Some dentures incorporate soft liners made of silicone or other materials to improve comfort and reduce irritation, especially for patients with sensitive gums. These liners need periodic replacement.

Denture Care and Longevity:

Regardless of the materials used, proper denture care is crucial for longevity and oral health. This includes:

Daily Cleaning: Thorough cleaning with a soft-bristled brush and denture cleaner is essential.
Soaking: Soaking dentures overnight helps to remove debris and maintain their integrity.
Regular Checkups: Visiting your dentist for regular checkups and adjustments is crucial to ensure a proper fit and prevent issues.

Conclusion:

The materials used in dentures have evolved significantly, offering a range of options to meet individual needs and budgets. While acrylic resin forms the backbone of most dentures, the choice of teeth material (acrylic or porcelain) and the inclusion of metal frameworks or soft liners can affect both cost and performance. Understanding these materials and practicing diligent denture care are key to maximizing the comfort, longevity, and functionality of your dentures.