what is bordatella

3 min read 25-12-2024

Meta Description: Discover what Bordatella is, a highly contagious respiratory infection affecting dogs and cats. Learn about its symptoms, transmission, prevention, and treatment options to protect your beloved pet. This comprehensive guide explains everything you need to know about Bordatella, including kennel cough in dogs and feline upper respiratory infections.

What is Bordatella?

Bordetella is a highly contagious bacterial infection affecting the respiratory systems of dogs and cats. It's commonly known as kennel cough in dogs and contributes significantly to feline upper respiratory infections (URIs). While there are several strains of Bordetella bacteria, Bordetella bronchiseptica is the most common cause of these respiratory illnesses in animals. Understanding this bacteria is crucial for pet owners.

Understanding Canine Kennel Cough (Bordetella in Dogs)

Canine kennel cough, primarily caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica, is incredibly contagious. It spreads rapidly in environments where dogs are in close proximity, such as kennels, dog parks, and grooming salons. The bacteria infects the trachea and bronchi, leading to a characteristic, harsh cough.

Symptoms of Canine Kennel Cough

Persistent, hacking cough: Often described as a "honking" sound.
Gagging or retching: The dog may appear to be trying to vomit.
Runny nose: Clear or slightly yellowish nasal discharge.
Sneezing: A common symptom, especially in early stages.
Lethargy: Loss of energy and appetite.
Mild fever: In some cases.

Important Note: While many dogs recover from kennel cough without intervention, some may develop secondary bacterial infections requiring veterinary treatment. Always consult your veterinarian if you suspect your dog has kennel cough.

Transmission of Canine Kennel Cough

Canine kennel cough is transmitted through direct contact with infected dogs, or indirectly through airborne droplets from coughing or sneezing. Sharing water bowls or toys can also facilitate transmission.

Preventing Canine Kennel Cough

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent kennel cough. Many veterinarians recommend a Bordetella vaccine as part of a routine core vaccination program, especially for dogs attending kennels, dog daycare, or regularly interacting with other dogs.

Treating Canine Kennel Cough

Treatment usually focuses on supportive care, such as rest, fluids, and cough suppressants. Antibiotics may be prescribed if a secondary bacterial infection develops.

Feline Upper Respiratory Infections (URIs) and Bordatella

In cats, Bordetella bronchiseptica is often one of several pathogens contributing to feline upper respiratory infections (URIs). These infections are complex and frequently involve other viruses and bacteria. While less commonly the primary cause of feline URIs compared to viruses like feline herpesvirus and calicivirus, Bordetella can exacerbate symptoms and prolong recovery time.

Symptoms of Feline URIs (Bordetella-related)

Symptoms are similar to those seen in canine kennel cough, but can also include:

Conjunctivitis: Inflammation of the eye.
Eye discharge: Watery or purulent (pus-filled).
Mouth ulcers: Sores in the mouth.

Transmission of Feline URIs

Transmission occurs through direct contact, aerosol droplets, or shared resources. Similar to canine transmission, it spreads readily in multi-cat households or shelters.

Preventing Feline URIs

Vaccination is often recommended for cats at high risk, such as those in catteries or shelters. However, the effectiveness of Bordetella vaccines in cats is debated among veterinarians, and it's crucial to discuss this with your vet.

Treating Feline URIs

Treatment involves addressing the underlying pathogens, often with supportive care (fluids, rest) and sometimes antibiotics, depending on the severity and identification of the specific pathogens.

When to See a Veterinarian

It's essential to consult your veterinarian if your pet shows signs of respiratory illness, including persistent coughing, sneezing, or lethargy. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent serious complications. They can perform tests to determine the specific cause of the illness and recommend appropriate treatment. Early intervention is key in managing both canine and feline Bordatella infections.

Conclusion

Bordetella, while a common cause of respiratory illness in dogs and cats, is preventable and treatable. Vaccination, good hygiene, and prompt veterinary care are crucial in keeping your pet healthy and free from this highly contagious infection. Remember, understanding the nuances of Bordetella in both canine and feline populations empowers you to provide optimal care for your beloved companion.