what is a township in ohio

2 min read 22-12-2024

Ohio's unique system of local government includes townships, often misunderstood entities. This comprehensive guide will clarify what Ohio townships are, their functions, and how they differ from other local governments.

Understanding Ohio Townships: More Than Just a Geographic Area

An Ohio township is a basic unit of local government, established long ago. It's a geographically defined area, typically covering a relatively large, rural territory. Think of it as a foundational layer of local administration, existing alongside cities, villages, and counties. Unlike cities or villages which are incorporated, townships are not. This distinction impacts their powers and responsibilities.

Key Differences from Cities and Villages

While cities and villages are incorporated municipalities with their own charters and elected officials, townships have powers granted by the state. This means their authority is less extensive. Cities and villages can levy taxes independently, whereas township levies are subject to more state regulations. Cities and villages frequently provide services like police and fire protection whereas township trustees may choose to contract these services from the county or another municipality.

The Roles and Responsibilities of a Township Trustee

Townships are governed by a board of three trustees, elected by the residents within the township's boundaries. These trustees are responsible for managing a variety of functions, often including:

Road Maintenance: Many Ohio townships are primarily responsible for maintaining local roads and bridges within their jurisdiction. This is often a significant portion of their budget.
Zoning and Planning: Some townships have zoning authority, allowing them to regulate land use and development within their limits. This often involves working closely with the county’s planning department.
Fire and Emergency Services: While not always directly provided, townships frequently contract for or subsidize fire and emergency medical services.
Parks and Recreation: Several townships operate and maintain parks and recreational facilities for their residents.
Cemeteries: Townships often maintain and operate local cemeteries, though this is becoming less common.
Poor Relief: In some cases, townships still play a role in providing assistance to needy residents, often through coordination with county welfare agencies.

How are Township Trustees Elected?

Township trustees are elected by the residents of the township in nonpartisan elections. The terms are typically staggered, ensuring continuity in the governing body.

Township vs. County: Understanding the Differences

While both townships and counties are units of local government, their jurisdictions and responsibilities differ significantly. Counties have broader powers, overseeing things like law enforcement (sheriff's department), courts, and county-wide services. Townships focus on more localized issues within their smaller geographical areas. Often, townships work in cooperation with the county to deliver services efficiently.

Finding Your Ohio Township

If you're unsure which township you reside in, you can easily find this information through the Ohio Secretary of State's website or your county auditor's office. This information is essential for voting and accessing local government services.

The Future of Ohio Townships

The role of Ohio townships is constantly evolving. As populations shift and urbanization progresses, some townships are facing challenges related to funding and maintaining services. Others are adapting to these changes and taking on expanded roles in community development and planning.

The existence of townships demonstrates the layered structure of Ohio’s governmental system. Though often less visible than cities or counties, they play a vital role in the daily lives of many Ohioans, particularly those in more rural areas. Understanding the functions and responsibilities of townships is crucial for participating fully in Ohio's local governance.