what is a small bowel follow through

3 min read 22-12-2024

Meta Description: Discover everything about a Small Bowel Follow Through (SBFT)! This comprehensive guide explains the procedure, preparation, what to expect, risks, and when it's needed. Learn if an SBFT is right for you and what the results mean. Understand the process from start to finish, including potential alternatives and recovery.

Introduction:

A small bowel follow through (SBFT) is a radiological (X-ray) examination that helps doctors visualize the small intestine. This procedure uses a series of X-ray images to track a barium sulfate solution as it moves through your small intestine. It's a valuable tool for diagnosing various conditions affecting this crucial part of your digestive system. Understanding what a small bowel follow through entails can ease any anxieties you might have before undergoing the procedure.

What is the Purpose of an SBFT?

The primary purpose of an SBFT is to identify problems within the small intestine. This includes detecting:

Blockages: Such as strictures (narrowing) or tumors that obstruct the normal flow of intestinal contents.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Crohn's disease is often diagnosed or monitored using an SBFT, due to its effect on the small intestine.
Fistulas: Abnormal connections between different parts of the intestine or between the intestine and other organs.
Malabsorption Syndromes: Conditions where the small intestine struggles to absorb nutrients properly.
Tumors and Polyps: Abnormal growths within the small intestine.
Diverticula: Small pouches or sacs that can form in the intestinal wall.

How is an SBFT Performed?

The SBFT procedure is relatively straightforward. Here's what to expect:

Before the Procedure:

Preparation: You'll likely need to follow a special diet and bowel cleansing regimen before the test. This ensures the small intestine is clear for optimal visualization. Your doctor will provide specific instructions.
Informed Consent: You'll be asked to sign a consent form, signifying your understanding of the procedure and its potential risks.

During the Procedure:

Barium Intake: You'll drink a chalky, white liquid containing barium sulfate. This solution coats the inside of your small intestine, making it visible on X-ray images.
X-ray Images: A series of X-ray images are taken over a period of time, usually several hours, as the barium moves through your small intestine. This allows doctors to observe the transit time and identify any abnormalities.

After the Procedure:

Increased Bowel Movements: You may experience several loose, chalky stools for a few days after the barium has passed. This is a normal side effect.
Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids to help flush out the barium and prevent constipation.

Are There Any Risks Associated with an SBFT?

While generally safe, there are some potential risks associated with an SBFT, including:

Allergic Reaction to Barium: Although rare, some individuals may have an allergic reaction to the barium sulfate.
Constipation: Constipation can occur, especially if you don't drink enough fluids following the procedure.
Bowel Perforation: This is a very rare complication, but it's important to be aware of the possibility.

What are the Alternatives to an SBFT?

Other imaging techniques can sometimes provide similar information, including:

CT Enterography: A CT scan that uses contrast dye to visualize the small intestine. It's often considered superior for detecting subtle abnormalities.
MR Enterography: An MRI scan that utilizes a contrast agent to image the small intestine. This is sometimes preferred for patients with allergies or sensitivities to iodine-based contrast agents.
Capsule Endoscopy: A less invasive procedure involving swallowing a small camera capsule. It provides detailed images of the small intestine but may miss areas of the intestine that are narrowed or obstructed.

How to Prepare for an SBFT

Preparing properly for an SBFT is essential for accurate results. Your doctor will provide specific instructions, which may include:

Dietary Restrictions: You'll likely need to avoid certain foods before the procedure to reduce gas and improve image quality. This often includes foods high in fiber.
Bowel Preparation: A bowel cleanse might be necessary to clear the colon, ensuring clearer visualization of the small bowel. This often involves taking laxatives or enemas.

Interpreting SBFT Results

Your doctor will review the X-ray images and provide a detailed explanation of the results. They will assess the:

Transit Time: The speed at which the barium moves through the small intestine. Slow transit can indicate a problem.
Intestinal Anatomy: The images reveal the structure and shape of the small intestine, highlighting any irregularities.
Presence of Abnormalities: The presence of blockages, inflammation, tumors, or other abnormalities can be identified.

Conclusion

A small bowel follow through is a valuable diagnostic tool for evaluating the small intestine. While it involves some preparation and potential mild side effects, the information it provides can be crucial in diagnosing and managing various digestive conditions. If your doctor recommends an SBFT, don't hesitate to ask any questions you may have to ensure you fully understand the procedure and what to expect. Remember to follow your doctor's pre- and post-procedure instructions carefully for optimal results and a smooth recovery.