what does the bible say about art

3 min read 27-12-2024

The Bible doesn't contain a single, comprehensive treatise on art. Instead, its perspective emerges indirectly, woven throughout narratives, imagery, and instructions. Understanding the biblical view requires considering its cultural context and recognizing that its pronouncements often relate to the purpose and use of art rather than its inherent value.

Artistic Expression in the Old Testament

The Old Testament reveals a rich tapestry of artistic expression. The construction of the Tabernacle, detailed in Exodus, serves as a prime example. Its intricate design, involving skilled artisans crafting ornate furniture, precious metals, and embroidered fabrics, showcases a divine appreciation for beauty and craftsmanship. The Tabernacle wasn't simply a functional structure; it was a masterpiece designed to evoke awe and reverence.

Skill and Craftsmanship

God frequently highlights the skill and craftsmanship of individuals. Consider Bezalel and Oholiab, chosen by God to lead the construction of the Tabernacle (Exodus 31:1-11). Their abilities weren't just practical; they were divinely gifted, demonstrating the sacred nature of artistic talent. This implies that artistic creation can be a form of worship and service to God.

Music and Worship

Music plays a central role in biblical worship. From the singing of Miriam (Exodus 15:20-21) to the elaborate musical arrangements in the Temple, music served as a powerful form of praise and spiritual expression. The Psalms, a collection of songs and poems, showcase the beauty and power of poetic language as a means of connecting with God.

Artistic Representations: A Complex Issue

The Old Testament’s view on representational art is more nuanced. While the commandment against idolatry (Exodus 20:4-5) prohibits the worship of created images, it doesn't necessarily condemn all artistic representation. The cherubim, for example, were artistic depictions adorning the Ark of the Covenant (Exodus 25:18-22) and the Temple. This suggests that artistic representation is acceptable when it serves to glorify God rather than replace Him. The key distinction is reverence versus idolatry.

Artistic Expression in the New Testament

The New Testament offers less direct instruction on art but reflects a similar appreciation for beauty and craftsmanship. Jesus often used parables and metaphors, demonstrating the power of storytelling and imagery in conveying spiritual truths.

Parables and Metaphors as Art

Jesus' parables are masterful examples of artistic storytelling. They utilize imagery, symbolism, and narrative to communicate profound spiritual lessons. These stories aren't merely didactic; they are artistically crafted to capture the imagination and resonate on multiple levels.

Architecture and Community

While not explicitly focusing on fine arts, the New Testament acknowledges the importance of creating beautiful and functional spaces for community gatherings. The early church met in homes and later constructed buildings for worship, illustrating the connection between artistic creation and communal life.

What Does This Mean for Contemporary Art?

The biblical perspective on art isn't prescriptive in a modern sense. It doesn't provide a detailed aesthetic code. However, several principles emerge:

Art as Worship: Artistic skill can be a gift used to glorify God.
Art as Communication: Art can be a powerful tool for communicating spiritual truth, whether through music, visual art, or storytelling.
Art and Idolatry: The danger lies not in art itself, but in allowing it to become an object of worship or to displace God.
Art as Reflection: Art can reflect the beauty and wonder of God's creation, prompting reflection and awe.

Ultimately, the Bible encourages a holistic approach to art, recognizing its potential for both good and ill. The focus remains on the heart and intention behind the artistic creation, not simply the aesthetic merit of the piece itself. Art that honors God and serves others aligns with a biblical worldview. Art that distracts from God or promotes harmful ideologies would be contrary to biblical teaching.